Abstract

The systematics of sitticine jumping spiders is reviewed, with a focus on the Palearctic and Nearctic regions, in order to revise their generic classification, clarify the species of one region (Canada), and study their chromosomes. A genome-wide molecular phylogeny of 23 sitticine species, using more than 700 loci from the arachnid Ultra-Conserved Element (UCE) probeset, confirms the Neotropical origins of sitticines, whose basal divergence separates thenew subtribeAillutticina (a group of five Neotropical genera) from the subtribe Sitticina (five genera of Eurasia and the Americas). The phylogeny shows that most Eurasian sitticines form a relatively recent and rapid radiation, which we unite into the genusAttulusSimon, 1868, consisting of the subgeneraSitticusSimon, 1901 (seven described species),Attulus(41 described species), andSittilongPrószyński, 2017 (one species). Five species ofAttulusoccur natively in North America, presumably through dispersals back from the Eurasian radiation, but an additional three species were more recently introduced from Eurasia.Attus palustrisPeckham & Peckham, 1883 is considered to be a full synonym ofEuophrys floricolaC. L. Koch, 1837 (not a distinct subspecies).Attus sylvestrisEmerton, 1891 is removed from synonymy and recognized as a senior synonym ofSitticus magnusChamberlin & Ivie, 1944. Thus, the five nativeAttulusin North America areAttulus floricola,A. sylvestris,A. cutleri,A. striatus, andA. finschi. The other sitticines of Canada and the U.S.A. are placed in separate genera, all of which arose from a Neotropical radiation includingJollasSimon, 1901 andTomisF.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1901: (1)AttinellaBanks, 1905 (A. dorsata,A. concolor,A. juniperi), (2)Tomis(T. welchi), and (3)SittisaxPrószyński, 2017 (S. ranieri). All Neotropical and Caribbean “Sitticus” are transferred to eitherJollas(12 species total) orTomis(14 species).Attinella(three species) andTomisare both removed from synonymy withSitticus; the synonymy ofSitticus cabellensisPrószyński, 1971 withPseudattulus kratochviliCaporiacco, 1947 is restored;PseudattulusCaporiacco, 1947 is synonymized withTomis. Six generic names are newly synonymized withAttulusand one withAttinella. Two Neotropical species are described as new,Jollas cupreussp. nov.andTomis manabitasp. nov.Forty-six new combinations are established and three are restored. Three species synonymies are restored, one is new, and two are rejected. Across this diversity of species is a striking diversification of chromosome complements, with X-autosome fusions occurring at least four times to produce neo-Y sex chromosome systems (X1X2Y and X1X2X3Y), some of which (Sittisax ranieriandS. saxicola) are sufficiently derived as to no longer preserve the simple traces of ancestral X material. The correlated distribution of neo-Y and a base autosome number of 28 suggests that neo-Y origins occurred preferentially in lineages with the presence of an extra pair of autosomes.

Addeddate

2025-03-21 17:28:07

Bhl_virtual_titleid

210914

Bhl_virtual_volume

v.925 (2020)

Call number

10_3897_zookeys_925_39691

Call-number

10_3897_zookeys_925_39691

Foldoutcount

0

Genre

article

Identifier

sitticinejumpin925madd

Identifier-ark

ark:/13960/s2258jr8p94

Identifier-bib

10_3897_zookeys_925_39691

Identifier-doi

10.3897/zookeys.925.39691

Ocr

tesseract 5.3.0-6-g76ae

Ocr_detected_lang

en

Ocr_detected_lang_conf

1.0000

Ocr_detected_script

Latin

Ocr_detected_script_conf

1.0000

Ocr_module_version

0.0.21

Ocr_parameters

-l eng

Page_number_confidence

86

Page_number_module_version

1.0.5

Page_range

1-54

Pages

54

Pdf_degraded

invalid-jp2-headers

Pdf_module_version

0.0.25

Possible copyright status

In copyright. Digitized with the permission of the rights holder.

Ppi

300

Source

ZooKeys 925

Year

2020

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